Rain usually occurs when the air warmed by the heat of the sun, becomes lighter, and rises upwards. Now as it rises upwards, the pressure of the rising air decreases and after reaching a certain height in the sky, the air becomes cool down. So when the density of this air increases, the raindrops become so large that they can no longer hang in the air, so they start falling down in the form of water. This is what we call rain which occurs naturally. But there are many such places in the world where there is little or no rainfall at all. So in such a situation, artificial rain technique is used to create rain in such dry areas. Artificial Rain or Cloud Seeding is the process in which clouds are artificially made favorable for rain.
Through cloud seeding, the physical state of the cloud is artificially changed, which makes it conducive to rain. Clouds are made of very tiny particles of water which due to their low weight are fully capable of hanging in the sky and raining on the ground in the form of water. That means the process of making clouds through man-made activities and then making them rain is called cloud seeding. This process is usually carried out in three different steps. To complete the first step, the help of many chemicals is taken.
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In this stage, the air flowing over the desired area where rain is to be made is sent upwards. This is done so that the cloud becomes capable of raining. During this process, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, calcium oxide, the compounds of salt & urea, and urea & ammonium nitrate are used. All these compounds absorb water vapor from the air and start the process of condensation.
After this, comes the second step which is also called the Building Stage. During this, the mass of the clouds is increased by using salt, urea, ammonium nitrate, dry ice, and calcium chloride. The first and second steps are related to the formation of clouds. But the process of the third step is done when either the clouds are already formed or made by humans. So in this step, cooling chemicals like silver iodide or dry ice are sprayed into the clouds.
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This spraying is done on clouds with the help of planes, rockets, or balloons. Due to this the density of the cloud increases and the cloud turns into an icy form. And when they become so heavy that they cannot hang in the sky even for a while, then they start falling in the form of rain. This technique was developed in 1945 and today it is being used in about 40 countries.
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