The formation of fog in winter is very common for everyone, but have you ever tried to know why it usually occurs only in winter and how the science behind its formation actually works. Firstly we should know the fog that we see is literally a cloud, similar to what we see in the sky, but it is a different kind that generally forms closer to the ground or even touches the ground. Fog can be thin or thick but how does it actually form?
As we know that air is present everywhere in the atmosphere which also contains water in the form of water vapor. When the air is warm at the normal temperature, the water vapor remains invisible in the form of air, but when the air is started to become cool, water vapor in the air reaches its dew point as it cools, forming liquid drops of water, known as the water droplets. So as soon as the air cools down, those water droplets start appearing, coming in visible form.
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So what usually happens during winter is that when the sun sets in the evening, from then till the morning the temperature drops to a great extent. Due to which the coldness increases and it remains on the peak in the late night, forming the ground and the air extremely cold, causes to bring those water droplets in a visible form. When the droplets come together they become visible, unlike warm air.
Meaning when the air turned extremely cold, the fog formation process is carried out and you should not be surprised to know that the same process works in the sky. From below the heat of the sun moves the air up in the form of water vapor towards space. But as the space is very cold, so after going up to a certain altitude, once such a limit is crossed, it's been so cold out there that the water present in the form of microdroplets in the air became visible to us in the form of a Cloud in the sky.
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On the other hand, if we talk about fog, then you must know the fact that when the sun rises then that fog disappears because the cold no longer exists as gradually the temperature starts warming up. So the water droplets present in the warm air get heated and turn into vapors and become invisible again. So in simple words, cold is equal to visible, and hot is equal to invisible.
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